林徽因
出生于杭州
被誉为民国十大才女
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林徽因
一身诗意千寻瀑,万古人间四月天
据儿子梁从诫《我的母亲林徽因》中回忆:
少女时期,母亲曾经和几位表姐妹一起,在上海和北京的教会女子学校中读过书,并跟着那里的外国教员学会了一口相当流利的英语。
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幼年的林徽因
除了颜值高,文采好之外。林徽因的语言天赋也为人称道,不仅会数门方言,英文水平也超级厉害。
19岁时,爱好文艺的林徽因尝试翻译了王尔德的The Nightingale and the Rose(《夜莺与玫瑰》),并发表在1923年12月1日《晨报五周年纪念增刊》上。
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《夜莺与玫瑰》封面,图源:豆瓣读书
《夜莺与玫瑰》是奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscar Wilde)笔下的一个凄美虐心的爱情童话,故事里有一只小鸟,它比我们任何人都要相信爱情,它勇敢、无惧,为了得到一朵象征爱情的红玫瑰而流尽了生命的血液。
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▲奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscar Wilde)
这个19岁的小姑娘首次发表的作品就成绩斐然,之前有人将王尔德的这篇标题翻译为《夜莺与蔷薇》、《莺儿与玫瑰》,林微因翻译完了之后,后来的译本全都引用了她的翻译《夜莺与玫瑰》。
这份译作后来也成为出版商的宠儿,王尔德的童话集直接被命名为《夜莺与玫瑰》,译者是林徽因等。
你若要一朵红玫瑰,你需将尖刺刺入你的心头,在月色里歌唱,流尽生命的血液。
If you want a red rose, you must pierce the thorn into your heart and sing by moonlight until the last drop of your life blood.
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当地时间2022年2月11日,德国柏林,情人节来临,花店里摆放的红玫瑰。
林徽因的翻译成就,除了天生聪颖,其实也少不了徐志摩的功劳,在伦敦留学的那段时光,徐志摩推荐了她很多优秀的英国文学著作。
这让林徽因忘掉了思乡的痛苦,对外国文学产生了浓厚的兴趣,她开始阅读英文原著,英文水平在那段时间内飞速增长。
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▲林徽因与徐志摩
●再来感受一下林徽因的翻译功底:
"What a silly thing Love is!" said the Student as he walked away. "It is not half as useful as Logic, for it does not prove anything, and it is always telling one of things that are not going to happen, and making one believe things that are not true.
青年走着自语道,爱好傻呀,远不如伦理学那般有实用,它所告诉我们的,无非是空中楼阁,实际上不会发生的,和缥缈的虚无不可信的事件。
In fact, it is quite unpractical, and, as in this age to be practical is everything,
I shall go back to Philosophy and study Metaphysics (玄学)."
在现在的世界里存在,首要有实用的东西,我还是回到我的哲学和玄学书上去吧。
So he returned to his room and pulled out a great dusty book, and began to
read.
于是他回到房中取出一本笨重的,满堆着尘土的大书埋头细读。
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当地时间2022年2月11日,德国柏林,情人节来临,花店里摆放的红玫瑰。
王尔德笔下凄美、虐心,带着残酷的血腥。
而林徽因翻译的版本,温婉、恬静,
带有女性的温柔气质。
梁思成与林徽因的爱情
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梁思成:
"有一句话,我只问这一次,以后都不会再问,为什么是我?"
林徽因:
"答案很长,我得用一生去回答你,准备好听我了吗?"
就这样,这个答案用了27年来诠释
一见倾心:"梁上君子、林下美人"
当提起梁思成、林徽因,你一定会想到那句"梁上君子、林下美人",其实这句话背后的故事比文字更浪漫。
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他们因为双方父亲而相识结缘,有一次两人相约去太庙游玩,刚要进去时候,林徽因发现梁思成突然不见了,着急地四处寻找。
这时从树上传来了一阵调皮的笑声:“离开一会儿你就受不了啦,你是不是爱上这个傻小子了。“从此,梁思成便有了"梁上君子"之称,林徽因也有了"林下美人"这一雅号。
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“特别令我动心的是,这个小姑娘起身告辞时轻快地将裙子一甩翩然转身而去的那种飘洒。”
——梁思成
1918年17岁的梁思成,第一次见到了14岁的林徽因。这个面部轮廓有雕刻之美,双眸明亮的女孩,给梁思成留下了深刻的印象。
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“如此富有朝气,广博扎实的学识,幽默不俗的言谈,毫无富家子弟的轻浮与做作。”
——林徽因
初次相见的情景,充满着美好而甜蜜的感觉,年少有为的梁思成,也给同样年少却较为早熟的林徽因,留下了深刻而心动的记忆。
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(林徽因与父亲)
情敌徐志摩
1924年4月,诺贝尔文学奖得主、大诗人泰戈尔访问中国。
徐志摩曾留学美国和英国,又是诗人,被邀来做泰戈尔的英文翻译。而林徽因曾随父亲在欧洲游历,英语也颇佳,被请来做陪同工作。
那一年,徐志摩27岁,林徽因20岁。
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出面邀请泰戈尔的中方人士是林长民和梁启超——林觉民是林徽因的父亲,梁启超是徐志摩的老师。
徐志摩,在追求林徽因的过程中已多次受挫。但他觉得自己还有机会。于是他总是借口各种事情来找林徽因。
梁思成无可忍受,就在门口贴了一张字条:
"Lovers want to be left alone!"
(恋人想单独在一起,谢绝打扰!)
相濡以沫:"我的迷人的病妻"
世事无常,1931年9月18日,九一八事件爆发,梁林二人深 刻感 受到中国古建筑体系研究的紧迫。
1932年至1937年,怀着共同的报国责任感,两人穿梭于全国各地,寻找遗落在祖国山川河谷中的建筑瑰宝,测绘整理200多组分布于各地的建筑群,完成测绘图稿1898张。
(梁思成手稿)
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日军的轰炸越来越凶,他们随大部队搬迁到四川李庄,林徽因屈膝坐在照片最中央,伴她左右的是女儿梁再冰(右二)和儿子梁从诫(右四),丈夫梁思成依然如青春时期那般深情地注视着她,目光中夹带着疼爱与怜惜。
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(四川李庄合影)
才到李庄不久,林徽因卧床不起,让梁思成从史语所给她借回来许多书,她读了大量的汉代历史,翻译了一批英国建筑学期刊上的学术论文,还准备撰写关于住宅的论文。
梁思成称赞林徽因:"我的迷人的病妻。"
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(梁思成(后)与莫宗江(前))
好友费慰梅劝说他们回美国治病,梁林夫妇二人毅然拒绝:"我们的祖国正在灾难中,我们不能离开她。"
在此后,他们拖着沉重的病躯为建筑事业奔波,并于1946年,在清华大学创办了建筑系。
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(梁思成、林徽因于清华大学新林院)
为了祖国,他们放弃国外优越的条件,毅然回国,决心探索出一条,中国古建筑与城市发展的新生之路;
为了共同的理想,他们挑灯画图、做批注、写论文,寻遍中国古建筑;
为了保护北京古城,他们相互鼓励,到处奔走呼号。
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(林徽因与梁再冰、梁从诫)
为了照顾林徽因,梁思成在工作之余学着换着花样做饭的样子;
是他们患难与共,相辅相成的样子。
1955年,林徽因去世,年仅51岁。林徽因尽其一生为中国古建筑的研究、保护、发展做出了巨大的贡献。
潸然泪下……
梁思成怀念林徽因的英文信
信是写给林徽因的好朋友费慰梅的(费正清费慰梅夫妇也是二人的共同好友)。林徽因病逝于1955年4月1日,信件写于1956年12月30日。
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信件全文如下
Yes, Wilma, I know that you will share with me grief over P's (林的英文名Phyllis)death
and I am deeply touched by your sympathy and condolence. It is more than a year and a
half now. She fought most courageously against her poor health and was undaunted till
the last moment. It may console you a little to know that she was never so happy over life
and work as in her last 6.5 years. Like all the intelligentsia in China today, she had already
seen with unshakable conviction and absolute self-confidence a picture of the great and
bright future for her country and her people.
是的,威尔玛,我对徽因的病逝痛不欲生,我想你也会和我一样悲伤。你的同情和慰问让我非常感动。徽因的离去已经超过一年半时间了。她非常勇敢地同病魔战斗,直到最后一刻也没有畏缩。她从来没有像生命中最后6年半时间里那样,为生活和工作而如此幸福——我想这会使你感到稍许宽慰。像今天中国的知识精英一样,徽因对她的祖国和人民伟大光明的前途有着坚定不移的自信。
In spite of her very poor health, she proudly shares with other architects the responsibility
and burden of reconstructing the country and the training of future generations of architect
s. She was appointed a top-rank architect of the Municipality of Peking and a number of the
City Planning Commission, concurrently teaching in Tsing Hua, and was elected a represen
tative of the Peoples Representatives Congress of Peking. She even found opportunities in
improving the designs of cloisonné (remember how ugly they could be?!) and soaked herse
lf in the workshops for days on a stretch, working together with the artisans and created
articles of exquisite beauty.
她拖着病体,与其他建筑师一起非常自豪地承担重建国家和培养下一代建筑师的责任和重担。她被任命为北京市高级建筑师和北京市都市计划委员会委员,被推选为北京市人大代表;同时,她一边还在清华教课。她甚至觅得良机去改进景泰蓝的设计(你还记得它们是多么地不堪入目么?)整天绷紧了弦泡在车间里,与工匠们一起工作,创造精美的款式。
She was still bending over her drawing board, sitting in bed, against the advice of doctors
and disregarding the protests of the family and friends, till a few days before she was taken
to the hospital on Feb.12,55. She was 50, and ill, but her enthusiasm was as high as ever,
as you know her years ago. She was confident that she would recover soon and be back to
work again. But in spite of all the efforts of the doctors, she lost her last battle on April 1st.
Perhaps her only regret is that she did not live to see the radiant future for which she
contributed every mince of strength of her last few years life.
她不听从医生的忠告和家人朋友的反对,即使卧病在床仍然离不开画板,直到1955年2月12日被送往医院的前几天。她当时已经有50岁了,病魔缠身,但是她的激情与你多年前认识她的时候一样高昂。她相信自己将会很快康复,并重新投入工作。尽管医生们竭尽全力,她还是在4月1日结束了人生的这场战斗。她在最后几年光阴里耗尽精力为之奋斗的事业,其未来是如何地光辉,这个她没有亲眼看到,也许是她唯一的遗憾。
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少男少女时期的梁林,林是12岁
Ever since 1949, she was given the best medical care by the Government (all free of
charge, of course) and, after her death, in recognition of her service to the people , was
buried in the People's Revolutionary Cemetery near 八宝山.Only if she had such case a
few years earlier, she would have a much better chance to recover, and would be able to
do much much more.
1949年以来,她一直受到政府最好的医疗护理(当然一切都是免费的);在她去世以后,为肯定徽因对人民的贡献,她被葬在八宝山附近的人民革命公墓。哪怕更早几年是这种情况,她将会有更好的机会康复,也将会做更多的事情。
Yes, Wilma, P's death is a terrible blow to me and an irretrievable loss to many of our
friends, Lao Chin, Hst-jo and T.S. especially, and to many younger members of the
teaching staff in Tsing Hua.
是的,威尔玛,徽因的死对我是一个重大的打击,对我们的许多朋友以及清华大学的许多年轻教师而言也意味着不可挽回的损失,特别是老金(金岳霖),(张)奚若和(钱)端升。
I found work difficult without her cooperation to which I was so accustomed for nearly 30
years.It took me considerable length of time to pull myself together again and proceed with
work. But you can well imagine, how limped I am without her guiding wisdom and never-
failing encouragement on which I was almost completely dependent.
近30年来,我早已习惯了她的协作,失之犹感寸步难行。我过了很长世间才使自己恢复平静,重新振作起来投入工作。但是,你能想象得到,她的睿智引导和从未间断的鼓励,是我所完全依赖的;缺少了这个,我就如同跛行夜路一般。
信中描述的生命中最后几年的林徽因,与梁从诫的表达高度吻合——极大的工作热情,忘我的奉献精神,以身患重病的身体,全力投入国家建设的一系列工作中。与之相比,如今被人贴在林徽因身上的标签:什么民国才女,什么风花雪月,都太轻巧了,只是后人一厢情愿的误解或惊鸿一瞥的误读。
从信中也可以看出梁林夫妇的伉俪情深。
在八宝山革命烈士公墓静静地立着一块墓碑,上面写着"建筑师林徽因墓",这是她的丈夫梁思成亲手为她刻上的。
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(林徽因墓)
梁思成曾在《图像中国建筑史》的前言满怀深情地写道:
“最后,我要感谢我的妻子、同事和旧日的同窗林徽因。二十多年来,她在我们共同事业中不懈地贡献着力量,没有她的合作与启迪,无论是本书的撰写,还是我对中国建筑的任何一项研究工作,都是不可能成功的。”
——梁思成写于《图像中国建筑史》前言
她在他的心中,始终是最美的人间四月天。
You are the spring of this world!
只为喜欢!
你是人间的四月天
林徽因
I think you are the April of this world,
我说你是人间的四月天;
Sure, you are the April of this world.
笑响点亮了四面风;
Your laughter has lit up all the wind,
轻灵在春的光艳中交舞着变。
So gently mingling with the spring.
你是四月早天里的云烟,
You are the clouds in early spring,
黄昏吹着风的软,
The dusk wind blows up and down.
星子在无意中闪,
And the stars blink now and then,
细雨点洒在花前。
Fine rain drops down amid the flowers.
那轻,那娉婷,你是,
So gentle and graceful,
鲜妍百花的冠冕你戴着,
You are crowned with garlands.
你是天真,庄严,
So sublime and innocent,
你是夜夜的月圆。
You are a full moon over each evening.
雪化后那片鹅黄,你像;
The snow melts, with that light yellow,
新鲜初放芽的绿,你是;
You look like the first budding green.
柔嫩喜悦,
You are the soft joy of white lotus
水光浮动着你梦期待中白莲。
Rising up in your fancy dreamland.
你是一树一树的花开,
You’re the blooming
flowers over the trees,
是燕在梁间呢喃,
You’re a swallow twittering
between the beams;
——你是爱,是暖,是希望,
Full of love, full of warm hope,
You are the spring of this world!
你是人间的四月天!
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